ch14-Heroes-part2-react-router
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We are back in the Heroes
component, and this time we have routing capabilities. On initial render, Heroes
displays its child HeroList
component. We need it to be able to display HeroDetail
when clicking the + button of the ListHeader
. Then we need HeroList
displayed again when clicking the refresh button of the ListHeader
. Cancel
button should go back from HeroDetail
to HeroList
. Create a new branch feat/Heroes-part2
For the time being, instead of switching between HeroList
and HerdoDetail
depending on the route, we can display them both together. Let's write the test (Red 1).
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
import Heroes from "./Heroes";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import "../styles.scss";
describe("Heroes", () => {
it("should handle hero add and refresh", () => {
cy.window()
.its("console")
.then((console) => cy.spy(console, "log").as("log"));
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("list-header");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.get("@log").should("have.been.calledWith", "handleAdd");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.get("@log").should("have.been.calledWith", "handleRefresh");
});
it.only("should display hero list on render", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("hero-list");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail");
});
const invokeHeroDelete = () => {
cy.getByCy("delete-button").first().click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("be.visible");
};
it("should go through the modal flow", () => {
cy.window()
.its("console")
.then((console) => cy.spy(console, "log").as("log"));
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.log("do not delete flow");
invokeHeroDelete();
cy.getByCy("button-no").click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.log("delete flow");
invokeHeroDelete();
cy.getByCy("button-yes").click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.get("@log").should("have.been.calledWith", "handleDeleteFromModal");
});
});
To pass the test, we add the HeroDetail
near HeroList
. It has a prop hero
, which can temporarily be index 0 of the heroes
array (Green 1).
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const addNewHero = () => console.log("handleAdd");
const handleRefresh = () => console.log("handleRefresh");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
<HeroDetail hero={heroes[0]} />
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
We want to switch the displayed component when the route changes. What drives this in React is first the route, then the child component, as we saw in the react-router
chapter. In a component test, on the initial mount there is no url, but when clicking a link the route changes. We can drive the test with the refresh and + buttons to check the route. We will use cy.location
in this test to check for the pathname. Here is an excerpt from Gleb Bahmutov's Cypress tips:
cy.visit("https://example.cypress.io/commands/location?search=value#top");
// yields a specific part of the location
cy.location("protocol").should("equal", "https:");
cy.location("hostname").should("equal", "example.cypress.io");
cy.location("pathname").should("equal", "/commands/location");
cy.location("search").should("equal", "?search=value");
cy.location("hash").should("equal", "#top");
For brevity, we will keep the test code focused on the .only
section. We write a test that checks that when clicking the refresh button the path becomes /heroes
(Red 2).
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
it.only("should display hero list on render", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("hero-list");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
});
The test fails, but in the console we see handleRefresh
log. Instead of the log, we can have something that changes the url. React-router's useNavigate
can be used for this purpose which lets us programmatically navigate to any url (Green 2).
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const addNewHero = () => console.log("handleAdd");
const navigate = useNavigate();
const handleRefresh = () => navigate("/heroes");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
<HeroDetail hero={heroes[0]} />
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
We can now try another test that clicks on the add button and checks the url. We wish for that path to be add-hero
(Red 3).
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
it.only("should display hero list on render", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("hero-list");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
});
Similar to the previous cycle, we see handleAdd
being console.logged. We can utilize useNavigate
once more (Green 3).
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const navigate = useNavigate();
const addNewHero = () => navigate("/heroes/add-hero");
const handleRefresh = () => navigate("/heroes");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
<HeroDetail hero={heroes[0]} />
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
Our pathnames are looking good, but what we need is rendering different components based on the route.
react-router
descendant routesOn initial render we want to see HeroList
.
On clicking add button of ListHeader
, we want to see HeroDetail
.
On clicking refresh button of ListHeader
, we want to see HeroList
again, so on and so forth.
We need some React Router v6 knowledge here. Remember our react-router
setup in the top app component. We are concerned about /heroes
route here. When the pathname is just /heroes
we want to display HeroesList
, when it is /heroes/addd-hero
we want to display HeroDetail
. That means /heroes
will need a descendent route.
// src/App.tsx
import About from "About";
import HeaderBar from "components/HeaderBar";
import NavBar from "components/NavBar";
import NotFound from "components/NotFound";
import Heroes from "heroes/Heroes";
import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route, Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import "./styles.scss";
function App() {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<HeaderBar />
<div className="section columns">
<NavBar />
<main className="column">
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<Navigate replace to="/heroes" />} />
{/* WE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT HEROES ROUTE */}
<Route path="/heroes" element={<Heroes />} />
<Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
<Route path="*" element={<NotFound />} />
</Routes>
</main>
</div>
</BrowserRouter>
);
}
export default App;
In react-router v6
we need a trailing *
when there is another <Routes>
somewhere in that route's descendant tree. In that case, the descendant <Routes>
will match the portion of the pathname that remains. We need to modify our App.tsx
file for the path="/heroes"
prop to path="heroes/*"
. This will let the descendant Routes
component we will be adding to take over the route control.
// src/App.tsx
import About from "About";
import HeaderBar from "components/HeaderBar";
import NavBar from "components/NavBar";
import NotFound from "components/NotFound";
import Heroes from "heroes/Heroes";
import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route, Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import "./styles.scss";
function App() {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<HeaderBar />
<div className="section columns">
<NavBar />
<main className="column">
<Routes>
<Route path="/" element={<Navigate replace to="/heroes" />} />
<Route path="/heroes/*" element={<Heroes />} />
<Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
<Route path="*" element={<NotFound />} />
</Routes>
</main>
</div>
</BrowserRouter>
);
}
export default App;
In the Heroes
component what we need is to go from this:
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
<HeroDetail hero={heroes[0]} />
To this:
<Routes>
<Route
path=""
element={<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />}
/>
<Route path="/add-hero" element={<HeroDetail />} />
</Routes>
If the route is /heroes
, we display the HeroList
.
If the route is /heroes/add-hero
, we display the HeroDetail
.
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import { Route, Routes, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const navigate = useNavigate();
const addNewHero = () => navigate("/heroes/add-hero");
const handleRefresh = () => navigate("/heroes");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<Routes>
<Route
path=""
element={
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
}
/>
<Route path="/add-hero" element={<HeroDetail />} />
</Routes>
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
With that setup we have 2 failures; our test fails because it doesn't render anything, TS gives an error because HeroDetail
wants to have a hero
prop with a defined hero
(Red 4).
We had setup the HeroDetail
to be used in two conditions; render the heroId field if heroId
exists or not. Therefore we should be able to use the component for adding a new hero. For now we can make the prop optional, and have a default hero object with empty id
, name
and description
properties. Here is how HeroDetail
should look for the time being:
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
export type Hero = {
id: string;
name: string;
description: string;
};
type HeroDetailProps = {
hero?: Hero;
};
export default function HeroDetail({
hero: initHero = {
id: "",
name: "",
description: "",
},
}: HeroDetailProps) {
const [hero, setHero] = useState<Hero>({ ...initHero });
const handleCancel = () => console.log("handleCancel");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{hero.id && (
<InputDetail
name={"id"}
value={hero.id}
readOnly={true}
></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={hero.name}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={hero.description}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
It is great that HeroDetail.cy.tsx
passes after that change. Our only concern is that we broke our Heroes
test.
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
it.only("should display hero list on render", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
});
We recall from react-router
chapter that a component test has no idea about routes, and unless we click navigate in the test, the route is uncertain. This also justifies a test for an invalid heroes route, for example heroes/foo42
. When such is the case, we are looking for a heroId that does not exist, we would like to view the HeroList
. We need to add a new Route
element that renders the HeroList
with path being *.
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import { useNavigate, Routes, Route, Navigate } from "react-router-dom";
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const navigate = useNavigate();
const addNewHero = () => navigate("/heroes/add-hero");
const handleRefresh = () => navigate("/heroes");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<Routes>
<Route
path=""
element={
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
}
/>
<Route path="/add-hero" element={<HeroDetail />} />
<Route
path="*"
element={
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
}
/>
</Routes>
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
Because the url is uncertain on component mount in a test, we also need to change the url verification to checking that HeroList
renders (Green 4).
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
it.only("should display the hero list on render", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
});
That change makes the test work, but the suite is not making cohesive sense between the first two it
blocks. The first test that was checking for the console.log
on handleAdd
and handleRefresh
is not valid, nor needed anymore, since we are changing the route with useNavigate
. We could spy on useNavigate
, but that is implementation detail and we are already checking that the url is changing; we are testing things in a better way, at a higher level, without extra cost. Here is the refactor to the test (Refactor 4):
// src/heroes/Heroes.cy.tsx
import Heroes from "./Heroes";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import "../styles.scss";
describe("Heroes", () => {
it("should display the hero list on render, and go through hero add & refresh flow", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("list-header").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
});
const invokeHeroDelete = () => {
cy.getByCy("delete-button").first().click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("be.visible");
};
it("should go through the modal flow", () => {
cy.window()
.its("console")
.then((console) => cy.spy(console, "log").as("log"));
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<Heroes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.log("do not delete flow");
invokeHeroDelete();
cy.getByCy("button-no").click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.log("delete flow");
invokeHeroDelete();
cy.getByCy("button-yes").click();
cy.getByCy("modal-yes-no").should("not.exist");
cy.get("@log").should("have.been.calledWith", "handleDeleteFromModal");
});
});
In the react-router
chapter, we concluded that the best way to test routing is with e2e tests. We are testing the pathnames in the component here, but we cannot test that the right child component is being rendered when the route changes. We can start the e2e test covering a similar flow, which will also serve as a larger test that covers the CRUD hero flow in the future. When there is functionality that we cannot test, or cannot test confidently at a lower level, we move up in the test pyramid, in this case from a component test to an e2e test. Start the e2e runner with yarn cy:open-e2e
. Create a new e2e test cypress/e2e/create-hero.cy.ts
.
// cypress/e2e/create-hero.cy.ts
describe("Create hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the refresh flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("not.exist");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
});
});
This test enables us to check that HeroDetail
renders on add, and that it renders without the id
field since this is a new hero. The refresh create hero flow gives us a new idea; whether the backend is operational or not, the cancel flow for hero edit or add should also work. After having reached a certain milestone, e2e tests, or simply ad-hoc usage of the app can often give us new ideas for features. This is the scientific method after all, we know more and now we can try for more, and that in essence captures the original mindset behind TDD, as well as agile.
Let's add a failing e2e test for edit hero cancel flow (Red 5). Create a file cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
. It starts similarly to the add flow, but instead clicks the Edit button and expects to be in a relevant route.
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").first().click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug");
});
});
When it was not certain what to do with click handlers in our app, we started them off with console.log
. In the console of the e2e test we can see handleSelectHero
. This function resides in HeroList
component. We just need to enhance it to utilize useNavigate
like we did so in the parent Heroes
component (Green 5).
// src/heroes/HeroList.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import CardContent from "components/CardContent";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { FaEdit, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import { Hero } from "models/Hero";
type HeroListProps = {
heroes: Hero[];
handleDeleteHero: () => void; // TODO: consider better type
};
export default function HeroList({ heroes, handleDeleteHero }: HeroListProps) {
const navigate = useNavigate();
const handleSelectHero = () => navigate("/heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug");
return (
<ul data-cy="hero-list" className="list">
{heroes.map((hero, index) => (
<li data-cy={`hero-list-item-${index}`} key={hero.id}>
<div className="card">
<CardContent name={hero.name} description={hero.description} />
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Delete"
IconClass={FaRegSave}
onClick={handleDeleteHero}
/>
<ButtonFooter
label="Edit"
IconClass={FaEdit}
onClick={handleSelectHero}
/>
</footer>
</div>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
We can navigate to the first hero, but can we navigate to another and end up on the right url? Let's write a test for it (Red 6).
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").first().click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug");
});
it("should go through the cancel flow for another hero", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(1).click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroBjorn");
});
});
The test fails, because react-router
needs a way to know the route parameter. We need to be able to do something better than a hardcoded heroId
navigation. When we are editing the hero, we should be able to acquire that heroId
from the heroes
prop that gets passed to this component. handleSelectHero
should take the id
as an argument, and nav to it.
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) =>
navigate(`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroId}`);
That change causes a type error in the ButtonFooer
because now handleSelectHero
expects an argument. We can update the component like so (Green 6):
// src/heroes/HeroList.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import CardContent from "components/CardContent";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { FaEdit, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import { Hero } from "models/Hero";
type HeroListProps = {
heroes: Hero[];
handleDeleteHero: () => void; // TODO: consider better type
};
export default function HeroList({ heroes, handleDeleteHero }: HeroListProps) {
const navigate = useNavigate();
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) =>
navigate(`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroId}`);
return (
<ul data-cy="hero-list" className="list">
{heroes.map((hero, index) => (
<li data-cy={`hero-list-item-${index}`} key={hero.id}>
<div className="card">
<CardContent name={hero.name} description={hero.description} />
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Delete"
IconClass={FaRegSave}
onClick={handleDeleteHero}
/>
<ButtonFooter
label="Edit"
IconClass={FaEdit}
onClick={() => handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
/>
</footer>
</div>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
Let us enhance the test and check that when were are editing a hero, not only we have the right url path, but also we display the HeroDetail
(Red 7).
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").first().click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug");
cy.location("pathname").should("include", "/heroes/edit-hero/");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
});
it("should go through the cancel flow for another hero", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(1).click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroBjorn");
cy.location("pathname").should("include", "/heroes/edit-hero/");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
});
});
useParams
We need a way to extract heroId
in the path and let the component know about it. In react-router
we can take advantage of path attributes and the useParam
hook. Here is a simple example showing how path attributes work. Assume that our data is milkshake
and the data model looks as such:
{
"flavor": "vanilla",
"size": "medium"
}
If we setup our rotes like this:
<Route path="/milkshake/:flavor/:size" element={<Milkshake />} />
The url path will be /milkshake/vanilla/medium
.
To replicate that configuration, our edit-hero
path needs a path attribute of id
, and we need a way to extract that path attribute from the url. React-router's useParam
returns an object with properties corresponding to URL parameters.
const { flavor, size } = useParams();
Mirroring that information to our app, the data looks as such:
{
"id": "HeroAslaug",
"name": "Aslaug",
"description": "warrior queen"
},
Routes look so in comparison:
<Route path="/milkshake/:flavor/:size" element={<Milkshake />} />
<Route path="/edit-hero/:id" element={<HeroDetail />} />
useParams()
may be:
const { id } = useParams();
Modify the HeroDetail
route in Heroes component by adding a route parameter :id
to edit-hero
path (Green 7).
// src/heroes/Heroes.tsx
import { useNavigate, Routes, Route } from "react-router-dom";
import ListHeader from "components/ListHeader";
import ModalYesNo from "components/ModalYesNo";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import heroes from "./heroes.json";
import { useState } from "react";
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
export default function Heroes() {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState<boolean>(false);
const navigate = useNavigate();
const addNewHero = () => navigate("/heroes/add-hero");
const handleRefresh = () => navigate("/heroes");
const handleCloseModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
};
const handleDeleteHero = () => {
setShowModal(true);
};
const handleDeleteFromModal = () => {
setShowModal(false);
console.log("handleDeleteFromModal");
};
return (
<div data-cy="heroes">
<ListHeader
title="Heroes"
handleAdd={addNewHero}
handleRefresh={handleRefresh}
/>
<div>
<div>
<Routes>
<Route
path=""
element={
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
}
/>
<Route path="/add-hero" element={<HeroDetail />} />
<Route path="/edit-hero/:id" element={<HeroDetail />} />
<Route
path="*"
element={
<HeroList heroes={heroes} handleDeleteHero={handleDeleteHero} />
}
/>
</Routes>
</div>
</div>
{showModal && (
<ModalYesNo
message="Would you like to delete the hero?"
onNo={handleCloseModal}
onYes={handleDeleteFromModal}
/>
)}
</div>
);
}
The test is passing, we have the right url with the heroId
, we are displaying HeroDetails
, but the heroId
field is not being displayed.
We write one more line of a test to ensure that the heroId
field is visible when we are editing a hero (Red 8).
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").first().click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug");
cy.location("pathname").should("include", "/heroes/edit-hero/");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
});
it("should go through the cancel flow for another hero", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(1).click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/HeroBjorn");
cy.location("pathname").should("include", "/heroes/edit-hero/");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
});
});
In order to use the path attribute, destructure the id
out of useParams()
with const { id } = useParams()
, this is what binds the route setup to the component. Instead of relying on the hero data, we want to rely on the path attribute that we get from the url, and useParams
is the hook for that. We also have side benefit of being able to directly navigate to a url (Green 8).
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
export type Hero = {
id: string;
name: string;
description: string;
};
type HeroDetailProps = {
hero?: Hero;
};
export default function HeroDetail({
hero: initHero = {
id: "",
name: "",
description: "",
},
}: HeroDetailProps) {
const { id } = useParams();
const [hero, setHero] = useState<Hero>({ ...initHero });
const handleCancel = () => console.log("handleCancel");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{id && (
<InputDetail name={"id"} value={id} readOnly={true}></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={hero.name}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={hero.description}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
No matter the edited hero, the id field displays with the value of the path attribute.
If we can get the id of the hero from the url, why should we not be able to get name and description as well? Let's enhance the tests to check that name and description fields are also populated (Red 9). We can fake the data by using the fixtures/heroes.json
file. We want to verify that the data for name and description are displayed in the fields (Red 9).
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.fixture("heroes").then((heroes) => {
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(0).click();
cy.location("pathname").should(
"include",
`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroes[0].id}`
);
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].id);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].name);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].description);
});
});
it("should go through the cancel flow for another hero", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.fixture("heroes").then((heroes) => {
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(1).click();
cy.location("pathname").should(
"include",
`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroes[1].id}`
);
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].id);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].name);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].description);
});
});
});
HeroList
component knows about all the heroes, and clicking on the Edit
can take us to the relevant hero. Previously we expressed this with:
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) => {
navigate(`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroId}`);
};
We could add more route parameters by modifying Heroes
route path like so : <Route *path*="/edit-hero/:id/:name/:description" *element*={<HeroDetail />} />.
However, it would be better if we used search parameters and not have to change the react-router
setup. Here is how handleSelectHero
would look with search parameters:
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) => {
navigate(
`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroId}?name=${hero.name}&description=${hero.description}`
);
};
Given the heroes
array which gets passed as a prop to the component, we need a way to extract the hero.name
and hero.description
from a heroId
, Array.find method could get us the hero we need :
const hero = heroes.find((h: Hero) => h.id === heroId);
Update HeroList
accordingly.
// src/heroes/HeroList.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import CardContent from "components/CardContent";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { FaEdit, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import { Hero } from "models/Hero";
type HeroListProps = {
heroes: Hero[];
handleDeleteHero: () => void; // TODO: consider better type
};
export default function HeroList({ heroes, handleDeleteHero }: HeroListProps) {
const navigate = useNavigate();
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) => {
const hero = heroes.find((h: Hero) => h.id === heroId);
navigate(
`/heroes/edit-hero/${hero?.id}?name=${hero?.name}&description=${hero?.description}`
);
};
return (
<ul data-cy="hero-list" className="list">
{heroes.map((hero, index) => (
<li data-cy={`hero-list-item-${index}`} key={hero.id}>
<div className="card">
<CardContent name={hero.name} description={hero.description} />
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Delete"
IconClass={FaRegSave}
onClick={handleDeleteHero}
/>
<ButtonFooter
label="Edit"
IconClass={FaEdit}
onClick={() => handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
/>
</footer>
</div>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
The test is still failing, but upon clicking Edit
on HeroList
, now HeroDetail
has all the relevant data in the url.
Now we need a way to extract the search parameters from the url when looking at HeroDetail
, so that we can grab all the hero
state (id, name, description) from the url.
React router's useSearchParams
hook can be utilized to extract the search parameters from the url.
Given a url such as:
/heroes/edit-hero/${hero.id}?name=${hero.name}&description=${hero.description}
useParams()
-> gets the route parameters -> yields hero.id.
useSearchParams() -> gets the search params -> hero.name
, hero.description
.
The interface looks like so:
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
Modify the HeroDetail
component with this knowledge (Green 9).
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import { useParams, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
export type Hero = {
id: string;
name: string;
description: string;
};
type HeroDetailProps = {
hero?: Hero;
};
export default function HeroDetail({
hero: initHero = {
id: "",
name: "",
description: "",
},
}: HeroDetailProps) {
const { id } = useParams();
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
const [hero, setHero] = useState<Hero>({ ...initHero });
const handleCancel = () => console.log("handleCancel");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{id && (
<InputDetail name={"id"} value={id} readOnly={true}></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={name ? name : ""}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={description ? description : ""}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
We have a passing test. The hero state is taken entirely from the url. The flow of data was as such:
Heroes
component gets the data hero
, and passes it to HeroList
as a prop.
HeroList
navigates to a url with this data: /edit-hero/${hero?.id}?name=${hero?.name}&description=${hero?.description}
HeroDetail
grabs the data/state from the url with useParams
and useSearchParams
, and displays it.
useNavigate
to cancel changesWhen we hit Cancel
on HeroDetails
, we should have the HeroList
display. Here is our failing test (Red 10).
// cypress/e2e/edit-hero.cy.ts
describe("Edit hero", () => {
beforeEach(() => cy.visit("/"));
it("should go through the cancel flow", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.fixture("heroes").then((heroes) => {
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(0).click();
cy.location("pathname").should(
"include",
`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroes[0].id}`
);
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].id);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].name);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[0].description);
cy.getByCy("cancel-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
});
});
it("should go through the cancel flow for another hero", () => {
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.fixture("heroes").then((heroes) => {
cy.getByCy("edit-button").eq(1).click();
cy.location("pathname").should(
"include",
`/heroes/edit-hero/${heroes[1].id}`
);
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("be.visible");
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].id);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].name);
cy.findByDisplayValue(heroes[1].description);
cy.getByCy("cancel-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
});
});
});
If we check the console, we see that handleCancel
is called. That function lives in HeroDetail
component as well. We can once again utilize useNavigate
to change the url to /heroes
on clicking cancel (Green 10).
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import { useNavigate, useParams, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
export type Hero = {
id: string;
name: string;
description: string;
};
type HeroDetailProps = {
hero?: Hero;
};
export default function HeroDetail({
hero: initHero = {
id: "",
name: "",
description: "",
},
}: HeroDetailProps) {
const { id } = useParams();
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
const navigate = useNavigate();
const [hero, setHero] = useState<Hero>({ ...initHero });
const handleCancel = () => navigate("/heroes");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{id && (
<InputDetail name={"id"} value={id} readOnly={true}></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={name ? name : ""}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={description ? description : ""}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
The cancel flow in edit-hero
e2e test also applies to the add-hero
flow. We can add a test to add-hero
without duplicating the checks in refresh flow, and by using direct navigation instead of click navigation (Refactor 10).
// cypress/e2e/create-hero.cy.ts
describe("Create hero", () => {
it("should go through the refresh flow", () => {
cy.visit("/");
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("add-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("hero-detail").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("not.exist");
cy.getByCy("refresh-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
});
it("should go through the cancel flow and perform direct navigation", () => {
cy.visit("/heroes/add-hero");
cy.getByCy("cancel-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
cy.getByCy("hero-list").should("be.visible");
});
});
Having a look at the HeroDetail
component, we are getting all the data we need from the url, utilizing useParams
and useSearchParams
. We do not need any data to be passed as a prop anymore, since we have the id
, name
and description
. They could get initialized in useState
. Here is the refactor:
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import { useNavigate, useParams, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
export default function HeroDetail() {
const { id } = useParams();
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
const navigate = useNavigate();
const [hero, setHero] = useState({ id, name, description });
const handleCancel = () => navigate("/heroes");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{id && (
<InputDetail name={"id"} value={id} readOnly={true}></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={name ? name : ""}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={description ? description : ""}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
We get a type error because HeroDetail
component tests are still passing in the hero
prop. Looking at HeroDetail.cy.tsx
and HeroList.cy.tsx
component tests with, we also get an error about useNavigate
needing to be used under a <Router>
component. In src/heroes/HeroList.cy.tsx
we wrap the mounts in BrowserRouter
. We remove the console.log
, and now can actually assert the url when edit-button
is clicked, which should be /heroes/edit-hero/<someHeroId>
.
We also realize an anti-pattern; we have been spying on useState
when typing hero name and description into the fields. This is an implementation detail, and if we change state management, the test would need maintenance. We could lean more towards black box to avoid testing an implementation detail and have better confidence about how the component should work. Here is the updated test:
// src/heroes/HeroList.cy.tsx
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import HeroList from "./HeroList";
import "../styles.scss";
import heroes from "../../cypress/fixtures/heroes.json";
describe("HeroList", () => {
it("should render the item layout", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<HeroList
heroes={heroes}
handleDeleteHero={cy.stub().as("handleDeleteHero")}
/>
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.getByCyLike("hero-list-item").should("have.length", heroes.length);
cy.getByCy("card-content");
cy.contains(heroes[0].name);
cy.contains(heroes[0].description);
cy.get("footer")
.first()
.within(() => {
cy.getByCy("delete-button");
cy.getByCy("edit-button");
});
});
context("handleDelete, handleEdit", () => {
beforeEach(() => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<HeroList
heroes={heroes}
handleDeleteHero={cy.stub().as("handleDeleteHero")}
/>
</BrowserRouter>
);
});
it("should handle delete", () => {
cy.getByCy("delete-button").first().click();
cy.get("@handleDeleteHero").should("have.been.called");
});
it("should handle edit", () => {
cy.getByCy("edit-button").first().click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes/edit-hero/" + heroes[0].id);
});
});
});
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.cy.tsx
import HeroDetail from "./HeroDetail";
import "../styles.scss";
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
describe("HeroDetail", () => {
context("handleSave, handleCancel", () => {
beforeEach(() => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<HeroDetail />
</BrowserRouter>
);
});
it("should handle Save", () => {
cy.getByCy("save-button").click();
// TODO spy on something when the network request is made in the future
});
it("should handle Cancel", () => {
cy.getByCy("cancel-button").click();
cy.location("pathname").should("eq", "/heroes");
});
});
context("handleNameChange, handleDescriptionChange", () => {
beforeEach(() => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<HeroDetail />
</BrowserRouter>
);
});
it("should handle name change", () => {
const newHeroName = "abc";
cy.getByCy("input-detail-name").type(newHeroName);
cy.findByDisplayValue(newHeroName).should("be.visible");
});
it("should handle description change", () => {
const newHeroDescription = "123";
cy.getByCy("input-detail-description").type(newHeroDescription);
cy.findByDisplayValue(newHeroDescription).should("be.visible");
});
});
context("state: should verify the layout of the component", () => {
it("id: false, name: false - should verify the minimal state of the component", () => {
cy.mount(
<BrowserRouter>
<HeroDetail />{" "}
</BrowserRouter>
);
cy.get("p").then(($el) => cy.wrap($el.text()).should("equal", ""));
cy.getByCyLike("input-detail").should("have.length", 2);
cy.getByCy("input-detail-id").should("not.exist");
cy.findByPlaceholderText("e.g. Colleen").should("be.visible");
cy.findByPlaceholderText("e.g. dance fight!").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("save-button").should("be.visible");
cy.getByCy("cancel-button").should("be.visible");
});
});
});
In HeroList
component, take a look at the footer section:
const handleSelectHero = (heroId: string) => {
const hero = heroes.find((h: Hero) => h.id === heroId)
navigate(
`/heroes/edit-hero/${hero?.id}?name=${hero?.name}&description=${hero?.description}`,
)
}
// ....
<ButtonFooter
label="Delete"
IconClass={FaRegSave}
// pretty
onClick={handleDeleteHero}
/>
<ButtonFooter
label="Edit"
IconClass={FaEdit}
// not pretty
onClick={() => handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
/>
This is a nice use case for currying. The outer function can take our custom arg and returns a function that accepts the event. We can refactor HeroList
like so:
// src/heroes/HeroList.tsx
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import CardContent from "components/CardContent";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { FaEdit, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import { Hero } from "models/Hero";
type HeroListProps = {
heroes: Hero[];
handleDeleteHero: () => void;
};
export default function HeroList({ heroes, handleDeleteHero }: HeroListProps) {
const navigate = useNavigate();
// currying: the outer fn takes our custom arg and returns a fn that takes the event
const handleSelectHero = (id: string) => () => {
const hero = heroes.find((h: Hero) => h.id === id);
navigate(
`/heroes/edit-hero/${id}?name=${hero?.name}&description=${hero?.description}`
);
};
return (
<ul data-cy="hero-list" className="list">
{heroes.map((hero, index) => (
<li data-cy={`hero-list-item-${index}`} key={hero.id}>
<div className="card">
<CardContent name={hero.name} description={hero.description} />
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Delete"
IconClass={FaRegSave}
onClick={handleDeleteHero}
/>
<ButtonFooter
label="Edit"
IconClass={FaEdit}
onClick={handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
/>
</footer>
</div>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
We also update the ButtonFooter
props for onClick
:
// src/components/ButtonFooter.tsx
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave, FaEdit, FaTrash } from "react-icons/fa";
import { MouseEvent } from "react";
import "../styles.scss";
type ButtonFooterProps = {
label: "Cancel" | "Save" | "Edit" | "Delete";
IconClass: typeof FaUndo | typeof FaRegSave | typeof FaEdit | typeof FaTrash;
onClick: (e: MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => void;
};
export default function ButtonFooter({
label,
IconClass,
onClick,
}: ButtonFooterProps) {
return (
<button
data-cy={`${label.toLowerCase()}-button`}
aria-label={label}
onClick={onClick}
>
<IconClass />
<span>{label}</span>
</button>
);
}
Change event (onChange): React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>
, React.ChangeEvent<HTMLSelectElement>
Click event (onClick): React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>
, React.MouseEvent<HTMLAnchorElement>
Form submit event (onSubmit): React.FormEvent
We can extract the 3 lines related to useSearchParams
into a custom hook, which can help us abstract it away.
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
Create a new file src/hooks/useHeroParams.ts
and move the code to the hook. The only difference is that we are returning an object with what we need out of this hook.
import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
export function useHeroParams() {
const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
const name = searchParams.get("name");
const description = searchParams.get("description");
return { name, description };
}
Import the hook, remove the useSearchParams
import, and replace the 3 lines with a one-liner const {name, description} = useHeroParams()
:
// src/heroes/HeroDetail.tsx
import { useState, ChangeEvent } from "react";
import { useNavigate, useParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { FaUndo, FaRegSave } from "react-icons/fa";
import InputDetail from "components/InputDetail";
import ButtonFooter from "components/ButtonFooter";
import { useHeroParams } from "hooks/useHeroParams";
export default function HeroDetail() {
const { id } = useParams();
const { name, description } = useHeroParams();
const navigate = useNavigate();
const [hero, setHero] = useState({ id, name, description });
const handleCancel = () => navigate("/heroes");
const updateHero = () => console.log("updateHero");
const createHero = () => console.log("createHero");
const handleSave = () => {
console.log("handleSave");
return hero.name ? updateHero() : createHero();
};
const handleNameChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleNameChange");
setHero({ ...hero, name: e.target.value });
};
const handleDescriptionChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
console.log("handleDescriptionChange");
setHero({ ...hero, description: e.target.value });
};
return (
<div data-cy="hero-detail" className="card edit-detail">
<header className="card-header">
<p className="card-header-title">{hero.name}</p>
</header>
<div className="card-content">
<div className="content">
{id && (
<InputDetail name={"id"} value={id} readOnly={true}></InputDetail>
)}
<InputDetail
name={"name"}
value={name ? name : ""}
placeholder="e.g. Colleen"
onChange={handleNameChange}
></InputDetail>
<InputDetail
name={"description"}
value={description ? description : ""}
placeholder="e.g. dance fight!"
onChange={handleDescriptionChange}
></InputDetail>
</div>
</div>
<footer className="card-footer">
<ButtonFooter
label="Cancel"
IconClass={FaUndo}
onClick={handleCancel}
/>
<ButtonFooter label="Save" IconClass={FaRegSave} onClick={handleSave} />
</footer>
</div>
);
}
We added a failing test to render HeroDetail
together with HeroList
(Red 1), and added the two components to the Heroes
(Green 1).
We wrote a test that scrutinizes the url when clicking the refresh button on ListHeader
(Red 2).
We used react-router's useNavigate
to programmatically navigate to the url we need upon clicking refresh (Green 2).
We added a similar test for the add button, scrutinizing the url, again utilizing useNavigate
(Red 3, Green 3).
We configured react-router
for descendant routes, updated TS and the test to ensure everything still works (Red 4, Green 4). We refactored the test to be more cohesive and meaningful (Refactor 4).
Recalling react-router
chapter that routing is best tested with e2e, we added an e2e test to increase confidence in our component; verify more than the pathname, that the child components render a certain way. Our e2e test for create hero cancel flow worked great.
Next, we saw a similarity in the edit hero cancel flow and added a failing e2e test for it When the edit button is clicked, we wanted to land on a route such as /heroes/edit-hero/HeroAslaug
(Red 5)
We utilized useNavigate
in the already existing handleSelectHero
function of HeroList
component, hard coding the same url (Green 5).
We added a test to check if we can edit any hero and end up at the correct route (Red 6).
We removed the hard coded /HeroAslaug from the navigate
at HeroList, instead made
handleSelectHeroa function driven by a
heroId` argument (Green 6).
We enhanced the test to check that HeroDetail
is displayed in addition to being at the correct route (Red 7)
We made use of route parameter :id
at Heroes
edit-hero route. Once the :id
was matching the heroId
argument of handleSelectHero
, we had a passing test (Green 7).
We enhanced the test for conditional rendering of the id field; if there is a heroId, there should be a field (Red 8).
We made use of useParams
and matched the :id
router parameter by using const {id} = useParams()
at HeroDetail
. In the conditional rendering we used id
instead of hero.id
(Green 8).
We enhanced the test by checking that name and description are displayed in HeroDetail
when editing a hero (Red 9).
We decided to use search params in HeroList
handleSelectHero
instead of adding additional routes. useSearchParams
helped grab the search parameters from the url (Green 9)
We added enhanced the test to check that cancel button lands us on HeroList
component from HeroDetails
(Red 10).
We enhanced HeroDetail
to utilize useNavigate
to /heroes
route when cancel is clicked (Green 10).
We also added a test to the add hero flow, since the HeroDetails
to HeroList
navigation on Cancel
is the same (Refactor 10).
It is ideal to test at higher level than implementation details, without extra costs. For example, we can test the consequences of the hooks vs if the hook is called; useNavigate
& check url instead of spying on useNavigate
.
When there is functionality that we cannot test, or cannot test confidently at a lower level, we move up in the test pyramid.
After having reached a certain milestone, e2e tests, or simply ad-hoc usage of the app can often give us a higher level perspective, with new ideas for features. This is the scientific method after all, we know more and now we can try for more, and that in essence captures the original mindset behind TDD, as well as agile.
In TDD, it is encouraged to use hard coded values to make the tests pass.
In component tests, we can lean more towards black box to avoid testing implementation details and have better confidence about how the component should work.
We can use currying to refactor event handlers : onClick={() => handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
vs onClick={handleSelectHero(hero.id)}
.
We can use custom hooks to abstract away some of the logic in components.